Kurikulum merdeka yang saat ini digunakan di sekolah SMAN 1 Ciniru menekankan kemampuan siswa pada abad ke-21 yaitu 6C yang salah satunya adalah kemampuan pemecahan masalah dan pemanfaatan teknologi. Berdasarkan hasil analysis ditemukan permasalahan bahwa bahan ajar di sekolah masih terbatas pada penggunaan buku paket dan LKS. Hal ini menyebabkan tidak tersedianya bahan ajar yang dapat memfasilitasi kemampuan pemecahan masalah siswa. Berdasarkan hal tersebut bahan ajar perlu didigitalisasikan untuk membantu meningkatkan kemampuan pemecahan masalah siswa karena bahan ajar digital lebih mudah dibawa, tampilannya menarik, dan bersifat interaktif. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui validitas dan efektivitas dari pengembangan bahan ajar flipbook berbasis model pembelajaran problem based learning (PBL) dalam materi komponen ekosistem dan interaksinya. Penelitian ini menggunakan model pengembangan dengan metode R&D (Research and Development) yang mengacu pada model ADDIE dengan 5 tahapan yaitu analysis, design, development, implementation, dan evaluation. Data yang diambil dari penelitian ini terdiri dari validasi ahli materi, validasi ahli media, lembar observasi, serta angket respon guru dan siswa. Hasil pengembangan produk didapatkan bahan ajar flipbook berbasis PBL dalam komponen ekosistem dan interaksinya yang dapat memfasilitasi kemampuan pemecahan masalah siswa. Hal ini didasari karena flipbook berbasis PBL yang dikembangkan memiliki karakteristik yang diadopsi berdasarkan sintak pembelajaran PBL yaitu memuat ilustrasi permasalahan konkrit dalam kehidupan yang ditunjukkan dengan video dan artikel berita dari internet, selain itu terdapat fitur lain seperti bio-info, bio-news, dan bio-think yang dapat memfasilitasi kemampuan pemecahan masalah siswa. Berdasarkan hasil validasi ahli materi dan media bahan ajar flipbook berbasis PBL dinyatakan sangat layak digunakan dalam pembelajaran. Hal ini didukung juga dengan hasil respon guru dan siswa yang sangat setuju setelah menggunakan bahan ajar flipbook berbasis PBL. Selain itu hasil lembar observasi juga menunjukkan bahwa peneliti sudah menerapkan model pembelajaran PBL sesuai dengan tahapan yang telah disusun dalam RPP (Rencana Pelaksanaan Pembelajaran). Sehingga dapat disimpulkan bahwa bahan ajar flipbook berbasis PBL sangat layak digunakan dalam proses pembelajaran dan dapat memfasilitasi kemampuan pemecahan masalah siswa.
Kata Kunci: Flipbook, Kemampuan abad 21, Kemampuan Pemecahan Masalah, Pemanfaatan teknologi, Problem Based Learning (PBL)

The independent curriculum currently used in SMAN 1 Ciniru emphasizes the ability of students in the 21st century, namely 6C, one of which is the ability to solve problems and use technology. Based on the results of the analysis, it was found that teaching materials in schools were still limited to the use of textbooks and LKS. This leads to the unavailability of teaching materials that can facilitate students' problem-solving abilities. Based on this, teaching materials need to be digitized to help improve students' problem-solving skills because digital teaching materials are easier to carry, look attractive, and are interactive. The purpose of this study is to determine the validity and effectiveness of the development of flipbook teaching materials based on problem based learning (PBL) models in ecosystem component materials and their interactions. This research uses a development model with the R&D (Research and Development) method which refers to the ADDIE model with 5 stages, namely analysis, design, development, implementation, and evaluation. The data taken from this study consisted of material expert validation, media expert validation, observation sheets, and teacher and student response questionnaires. The results of product development are obtained PBL-based flipbook teaching materials in ecosystem components and interactions that can facilitate students' problem-solving abilities. This is based on the PBL-based flipbook developed has characteristics adopted based on the PBL learning syntax, which contains illustrations of concrete problems in life shown by videos and news articles from the internet, besides that there are other features such as bio-info, bio-news, and bio-think that can facilitate students' problem-solving skills. Based on the results of expert validation of PBL-based flipbook teaching materials and materials , it is declared very feasible to be used in learning. This is also supported by the results of teacher and student responses that strongly agree after using PBL-based flipbook teaching materials . In addition, the results of the observation sheet also show that researchers have applied the PBL learning model in accordance with the stages that have been prepared in the RPP (Learning Implementation Plan). So it can be concluded that PBL-based flipbook teaching materials are very feasible to be used in the learning process and can facilitate students' problem-solving abilities.
Keywords: Flipbook, 21st Century Capabilities, Problem Solving Skill, Use of Technology, Problem Based Learning (PBL)