Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan jenis kesalahan serta faktor penyebab
yang dilakukan siswa dalam menyelesaikan soal cerita Sistem Persamaan Linear Dua
Variabel (SPLDV) berdasarkan teori Newman: studi perbedaan gender. Jenis
penelitian yang digunakan yaitu penelitian kualitatif dengan pendekatan deskriptif.
Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di MTsN 2 Kuningan. Subjek penelitian sebanyak 6 subjek,
terdiri dari 3 siswa laki-laki dan 3 siswa perempuan. Pengambilan subjek
menggunakan teknik purposive sampling. Teknik pengumpulan data berupa lembar
tes,
pedoman wawancara, observasi dan dokumentasi. Uji keabsahan data
menggunakan triangulasi teknik. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan persentase kesalahan
membaca siswa laki-laki dan perempuan (reading errors) sebesar 0%, kesalahan
memahami (comprehension errors) siswa laki-laki dan perempuan sebesar 93% dan
87%, kesalahan transformasi (transformation errors) siswa laki-laki dan perempuan
sebesar 30% dan 27%, kesalahan keterampilan proses (process skill errors) siswa laki
laki dan perempuan sebesar 77% dan 70%, dan kesalahan menarik kesimpulan
(encoding errors) siswa laki-laki dan perempuan sebesar 90% dan 93%. Penyebab
kesalahan memahami (comprehension errors) pada siswa laki-laki disebabkan karena
kurang memahami materi SPLDV dengan baik dan terburu-buru mengerjakan soal
karena waktu yang terbatas, sedangkan siswa perempuan disebabkan karena terburu
buru dan kurang teliti dalam mengerjakan soal. Penyebab kesalahan transformasi
(transformation errors) pada siswa laki-laki disebabkan karena kurang paham dengan
informasi yang tertera pada soal dan beberapa metode penyelesaian SPLDV,
sedangkan siswa perempuan disebabkan karena kurang ketelitian pada saat
mengerjakan soal. Penyebab kesalahan keterampilan proses (process skill errors) pada
siswa laki-laki disebabkan karena tidak memahami soal dengan baik dan salah pada
tahap sebelumnya sehingga tidak mampu melakukan perhitungan, sedangkan siswa
perempuan disebabkan karena kurang teliti dalam perhitungan dan tidak melakukan
pengecekan terhadap hasil pekerjaannya. Penyebab kesalahan menarik kesimpulan
(encoding errors) pada siswa laki-laki disebabkan karena terbiasa tidak menuliskan
kesimpulan jawaban akhir dan menganggap bahwa kesimpulan tidak penting untuk
ditulis pada lembar jawaban, sedangkan siswa perempuan disebabkan karena lupa
tidak menuliskan kesimpulan pada lembar jawabannya atau salah pada tahap-tahap
sebelumnya.
Kata kunci: Analisis Kesalahan, Soal Cerita, SPLDV, Newman, Gender.

This study aims to describe the types of errors and the factors causing students to maker
errrors in solving story problems of System of Linear Equations with Two Variables
(SPLDV) based on Newman’s theory: a study of gender differences. The type of
research used is qualitative research with descriptive approach. This research was
conducted at MTsN 2 Kuningan. The research subjects were 6 subjects, consisting of
3 male students and 3 female students. Subject selection was done using purposive
sampling technique. Data collection techniques included test sheets, interview
guidelines, observation, and documentation. Data validity testing was done using
triangulation technique. The result showed the percentage of reading errors by male
and female students was 0%, comprehension errors by male and female students were
93% and 87%, transformation errors by male and female students were 30% and 27%,
procces skill errors by male and female students were 77% and 70%, and encoding
errors by male and female students were 90% and 93%. The causes of comprehension
errors in male students were due to lack of understanding of SPLDV material and
rushing to work on problems due limited time, while in female students it was due to
to rushing and lack of thoroughness in solving problems. The causes of transformation
errors in male students were due to lack understanding of the information provided in
the problem and some methods of solving SPLDV, while in female students it was due
to lack of precision when solving problems. The causes of process skill errors in male
students were due to not understanding the problem well and making mistakes in
pevious stages so that they were unable to perform calculations, while in female
students it was due to lack of thoroughness in calculations and not checking their work.
The causes of encoding errors in male students were due to the habit of not writing a
final conclusion and considering that the conclusion was not important to write on the
answer sheet, while in female students it was due to forgetting to write a conclusion
on their answer sheet or making mistakes in previous stages.
Keywords: Error Analysis, Story Poblems, SPLDV, Newman, Gender.