Aisyah, Siti (2026) POPULASI DAN SENYAWA FITOKIMIA TUMBUHAN JARONG UNGU (Achyranthes aspera) DI BUKIT MAYANA KABUPATEN KUNINGAN. S1 / D3 thesis, Universitas Kuningan.

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Abstract

Bukit Mayana di Kabupaten Kuningan merupakan kawasan dengan keanekaragaman hayati tinggi yang menjadi habitat bagi berbagai tumbuhan obat, termasuk jarongan (Achyranthes aspera). Tumbuhan ini diketahui mengandung senyawa bioaktif yang berpotensi sebagai agen farmakologi; namun, data mengenai distribusi populasi dan komposisi fitokimianya di habitat alami Bukit Mayana masih sangat terbatas. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis potensi vegetasi dan senyawa fitokimia Achyranthes aspera di Bukit Mayana. Metode yang digunakan meliputi analisis populasi menggunakan metode transek garis dengan petak pengamatan berukuran 2×50 m, serta skrining fitokimia ekstrak daun menggunakan pereaksi spesifik. Hasil analisis vegetasi menunjukkan bahwa Achyranthes aspera tersebar pada dua transek pengamatan, dengan jumlah total 859 individu; 596 individu pada transek Longkewang dan 263 individu pada transek Ciketak. Perbedaan kelimpahan populasi antar-transek diduga disebabkan oleh variasi intensitas cahaya, topografi, dan tutupan kanopi. Skrining fitokimia mendeteksi empat senyawa metabolit sekunder, yaitu alkaloid, flavonoid, saponin, dan steroid/triterpenoid, sedangkan tanin menunjukkan hasil negatif, yang diduga disebabkan oleh kondisi habitat seperti pH tanah yang asam dan tutupan kanopi yang mengurangi paparan sinar UV. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa Achyranthes aspera memiliki peran ekologis yang penting di kawasan Bukit Mayana serta berpotensi besar sebagai sumber daya tanaman obat herbal lokal.
Kata kunci: Achyranthes aspera, analisis vegetasi, Bukit Mayana, fitokimia, jarongan.

Bukit Mayana in Kuningan Regency is a high-biodiversity area that serves as a habitat for various medicinal plants, including purple chaff flower (Achyranthes aspera). This plant is know to contain bioactive compounds wish potential as pharmacological agents; however, data on it’s population distribution and phytochemical composition in the natural habitat of Bukit Mayana remain very limited. This study aimed to analyze the vegetation potential and phytochemical compounds of Achyranthes aspera at Bukit Mayana. The methods employed were population analysis using the line transect method with 2×50 m observation plots, and phytochemical screening of leaf exstract using specific reagents. The results of the vegetation analysis revealed that Achyranthes aspera was distributed across two observation transects, with a total 859 individuals; 596 inviduals in the Longkewang trasenct and 263 individuals in the Ciketak transect. Differences in population abundance between transects were attributed to variations in light intensity, topography, and canopy cover. Phytochemical screening detected four secondary metabilte compounds : alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, and steroids/triterpenoids, while tannins yielded a negative result, likely due to habitat conditions including acidic soil pH and canopy cover that reduced UV exposure. This study concludes that Acyranthes aspera plays a significant ecological role in the Bukit Mayana area and holds strong potential as a local plant-based herbal medicine resource.
Keywords : Achyranthes aspera, Bukit Mayana, phytochemical, purple chaff flower, vegetation analysis.

Item Type: Thesis (S1 / D3)
Uncontrolled Keywords: Kata kunci: Achyranthes aspera, analisis vegetasi, Bukit Mayana, fitokimia, jarongan. Keywords : Achyranthes aspera, Bukit Mayana, phytochemical, purple chaff flower, vegetation analysis.
Subjects: S Agriculture > SD Forestry
Divisions: Fakultas Kehutanan > S1 Kehutanan
Depositing User: S.hut Siti Aisyah
Date Deposited: 16 Jul 2026 07:57
Last Modified: 16 Jul 2026 07:57
URI: https://rama.uniku.ac.id/id/eprint/5767

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