Alih fungsi lahan pertanian menjadi kawasan permukiman di Kabupaten Kuningan menunjukkan peningkatan seiring kebutuhan pembangunan dan pertumbuhan penduduk. Pemanfaatan ruang dan perlindungan lahan pertanian telah diatur dalam Pasal 61 Undang-Undang Nomor 26 Tahun 2007 tentang Penataan Ruang dan Pasal 44 Undang-Undang Nomor 41 Tahun 2009 tentang Perlindungan Lahan Pertanian Pangan Berkelanjutan, namun pada kenyataannya seringkali pembangunan tidak memenuhi izin yang sah. Rumusan Masalah dalam penelitian ini adalah bagaimana penegakan hukum terhadap alih fungsi lahan pertanian menjadi kawasan permukiman dan bagaimana faktor-faktor yang memengaruhi penegakan hukum alih fungsi lahan pertanian menjadi kawasan permukiman di Kabupaten Kuningan. Tujuan Penelitian untuk mengetahui penegakan hukum serta faktor-faktor yang memengaruhinya. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah yuridis empiris dengan pendekatan terhadap peraturan perundang-undangan dan fakta di lapangan melalui wawancara. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penegakan hukum dilakukan melalui pendekatan preventif dan represif. Pendekatan preventif dilakukan melalui pengaturan, sosialisasi, dan pengawasan, sedangkan pendekatan represif dilakukan melalui sanksi administratif dan penyelesaian non litigasi. Faktor yang memengaruhi penegakan hukum meliputi faktor hukum, penegak hukum, sarana dan prasarana, masyarakat, dan kebudayaan hukum. Simpulan penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penegakan hukum belum efektif akibat lemahnya sanksi, belum adanya Rencana Detail Tata Ruang (RDTR), serta rendahnya kesadaran hukum masyarakat. Saran perlu adanya penguatan sanksi, percepatan penyusunan RDTR, peningkatan koordinasi antarinstansi, dan sosialisasi kepada masyarakat untuk tetap menjaga ketahanan pangan.

The conversion of agricultural land into residential areas in Kuningan Regency has increased along with development needs and population growth. Spatial utilization and the protection of agricultural land have been regulated under Article 61 Law Number 26 of 2007 concerning Spatial Planning and Article 44 Law Number 41 of 2009 concerning the Protection of Sustainable Food Agricultural Land. However, in practice, development activities often fail to comply with lawful permits. The formulation of the problems in this research concerns how law enforcement is implemented against the conversion of agricultural land into residential areas and what factors influence the enforcement of laws regarding such land conversion in Kuningan Regency. The objective of this study is to determine the implementation of law enforcement and the factors affecting it. The research method used is empirical juridical research with an approach based on statutory regulations and field facts obtained through interviews. The results of the study indicate that law enforcement is carried out through preventive and repressive approaches. Preventive measures are implemented through regulation, public outreach, and supervision, while repressive measures are carried out through administrative sanctions and non-litigation dispute resolution. The factors influencing law enforcement include legal factors, law enforcement officers, facilities and infrastructure, society, and legal culture. The conclusion of this study shows that law enforcement has not been effective due to weak sanctions, the absence of a Detailed Spatial Plan (RDTR), and the low level of public legal awareness. Therefore, it is recommended that sanctions be strengthened, the preparation of the RDTR be accelerated, coordination among institutions be improved, and public outreach be enhanced in order to maintain food security.