Pertambangan adalah seluruh kegiatan yang berkaitan dengan pengambilan, pengolahan, dan pemanfaatan bahan galian yang berasal dari dalam bumi, baik berupa mineral, batuan maupun sumber energi lainnya. Kegiatan ini mencakup proses panjang, mulai dari penyelidikan umum, eksplorasi, studi kelayakan, konstruksi, penambangan, pengolahan dan pemurnian, pengangkutan serta penjualan hingga pasca tambang. Tujuan penelitian untuk mengetahui dan menganalisis pengaturan serta implementasi penegakan hukum lingkungan terhadap pertambangan ilegal di Kabupaten Majalengka. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah yuridis empiris dengan data primer, sekunder, dan tersier, dikumpulkan melalui observasi dan wawancara, kemudian dianalisis secara kualitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukan pada Pasal 33 ayat 3 Undang-Undang Dasar Negara Republik Indonesia Tahun 1945 yang berbunyi “bumi, air, dan kekayaan alam yang terkandung di dalamnya dikuasai oleh negara dan dipergunakan untuk sebesar-besarnya kemakmuran rakyat’’, Pasal 37 Undang-Undang Nomor 4 Tahun 2009 mengatur bahwa pemberian izin usaha pertambangan dibagi berdasarkan kewenangan wilayah, Pasal 40 ayat (3) dan Pasal 48 Undang-Undang Nomor 4 Tahun 2009 menegaskan pemegang izin usaha pertambangan dapat menolak mineral lain, serta kewenangan izin usaha pertambangan operasi produksi dibagi antara bupati/walikota, gubernur, dan menteri sesuai lintas wilayahnya, Pasal 67, 74, dan 158 Undang-Undang Nomor 4 Tahun 2009 juga menyebutkan pemberian IPR/IUPK oleh bupati/walikota dan Menteri serta sanksi pidana bagi penambangan tanpa izin hingga sepuluh tahun penjara dan denda sepuluh miliar rupiah. Simpulan regulasi yang ada sudah lengkap namun terkait implementasi masih ada beberapa kendala yang masih dihadapi terutama dalam struktur dan budaya hukumnya. Saran upaya penting untuk menjamin kepastian hukum dan perlindungan lingkungan yang optimal bagi masyarakat serta keberlanjutan sumber daya alam di masa mendatang. Edukasi publik dan partisipasi masyarakat juga harus diperkuat guna mencegah praktik pertambangan ilegal berulang.
Kata Kunci: Hukum Lingkungan, Penegakan Hukum, Pertambangan.

Mining refers to all activities relating to the extraction, processing, and utilization of mineral resources derived from within the earth, including minerals, rocks, and other energy sources. These activities involve a long process, starting from general investigation, exploration, feasibility studies, construction, mining operations, processing and refining, transportation, and sales, up to post-mining activities. The objectives of this research are to identify, to analyze the regulation and implementation of environmental law enforcement against illegal mining in Majalengka Regency. The research employs an empirical juridical, utilizing primary, secondary, and tertiary data, which are collected through observation and interviews, and then analyzed qualitatively. The finding indicates that the regulation in a 33 paragraph (3) of the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia states that “the earth, water, and natural resources contained therein are controlled by the state and shall be utilized for the greatest prosperity of the people.” Furthermore, Article 37 of Law Number 4 of 2009 regulates that the granting of mining business permits is divided based on regional authority. Article 40 paragraph (3) and Article 48 of Law Number 4 of 2009 affirm that holders of mining business permits may refuse other minerals, and that the authority for production operation mining permits is distributed among regents/mayors, governors, and ministers according to their respective jurisdictions. Articles 67, 74, and 158 of Law Number 4 of 2009 also stipulate the granting of IPR/IUPK by regents/mayors and the Minister, as well as criminal sanctions for mining without permits, with penalties of up to ten years of imprisonment and a fine of ten billion rupiah. In conclusion, although the existing regulations are comprehensive, there are still several obstacles in their implementation, particularly in terms of legal structure and legal culture. The recommendations of this study are to ensure legal certainty and to optimize environmental protection for the community, as well as the sustainability of natural resources in the future. Public education and community participation must also be strengthened to prevent the recurrence of illegal mining practices.
Keywords: Environmental Law, Law Enforcement, Mining.