Pencemaran lingkungan akibat limbah industri menjadi persoalan serius di tengah
perkembangan ekonomi. Sebagai negara hukum, Indonesia menempatkan hukum
sebagai alat penyelesaian setiap pelanggaran, termasuk pencemaran. Rumusan
Masalahnya yaitu bagaimana pengaturan pertanggung jawaban pelaku
pencemaran lingkungan berdasarkan peraturan perundang-undangan di Indonesia
serta bagaimana efektivitas penegakan hukum dan pertanggung jawaban bagi
pelaku pencemaran lingkungan di Kabupaten Kuningan. Tujuan Penelitian untuk
mengetahui bagaimana pengaturan tanggung jawab pelaku pencemaran
lingkungan dan bagaimana efektivitas penegakan hukum dan pertanggung
jawaban pelaku pencemaran lingkungan di kabupaten kuningan dan mengetahui
penegakan hukum bagi pelaku pencemaran lingkungan di Kabupaten Kuningan.
Metode Penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah pendekatan
yuridis empiris dengan teknik pengumpulan data melalui observasi, wawancara,
serta studi dokumen yang meliputi data primer, sekunder, dan tersier. Hasil
Penelitian ini mengenai pengaturan Tanggung Jawab Pelaku Pencemaran
Lingkungan diatur dalam Pasal 28 H ayat 1 Undang- Undang dasar 1945 dan
pasal 59 ayat 4 Undang-Undang Nomor 32 Tahun 2009 Tentang Perlindungan dan
Pengelolaan Lingkungan Hidup serta Penegakan hukum lingkungan yang
dilakukan oleh Dinas Lingkungan Hidup Kabupaten Kuningan telah berusaha
untuk menerapkan prinsip Polluter Pays melalui pengenaan ganti rugi dan
kewajiban pemulihan lingkungan bagi pelaku pencemaran. Namun, efektivitas
implementasinya masih terkendala, salah satunya karena terbatasnya jumlah
Penyidik Pegawai Negeri Sipil (PPNS) yang menghambat optimalisasi
pengawasan dan penindakan pelanggaran. Simpulan Pertanggungjawaban pelaku
pencemaran telah diatur dalam Undang-Undang No. 32 Tahun 2009 dan
penegakan hukum lingkungan di Kabupaten Kuningan belum optimal. Kendala
utama meliputi keterbatasan Sumber Daya Manusia, fasilitas, rendahnya
kesadaran hukum, lemahnya efek jera, belum konkret diterapkannya prinsip
Polluter Pays, serta minimnya partisipasi masyarakat. Saran dalam penulisan ini
Pemerintah Daerh Kabupaten Kuningan perlu memperkuat kebijakan lingkungan
melalui alokasi anggaran khusus dan evaluasi berkala terhadap Perda No. 7 Tahun
2014, serta meningkatkan sinergi antarinstansi dalam pengawasan dan penindakan
pencemaran kemudian Dinas Lingkungan Hidup perlu meningkatkan kapasitas
SDM, mengembangkan sistem pemantauan berbasis teknologi, serta memperkuat
transparansi data agar masyarakat dapat berperan aktif dalam pengawasan
lingkungan.

The Effectiveness of Law Enforcement and the Responsibility of Environmental
Polluters Based On the Polluter Pays Principle: A Study in Kuningan Regency
By Riffa Ramadyan Halim Student ID: 20211410091 Law Science Study
Program, Faculty of Law, Kuningan University, Kuningan 2025
Environmental pollution caused by industrial waste has become a serious issue
amid economic development. As a state governed by law, Indonesia places the law
as an instrument for resolving every violation, including pollution. The research
problems addressed in this study are how the responsibility of environmental
polluters is regulated under Indonesian legislation, and how effective law
enforcement and accountability for polluters are in Kuningan Regency. The
objectives of the research are to determine the regulation of polluters’
responsibility, to analyze the effectiveness of law enforcement and accountability
of polluters in Kuningan Regency, and to examine the enforcement measures
against environmental polluters in the region. The research method used is an
empirical juridical approach, with data collection techniques through
observation, interviews, and document studies involving primary, secondary, and
tertiary data. The findings reveal that the regulation of polluters’ responsibility is
stipulated in Article 28H paragraph (1) of the 1945 Constitution and Article 59
paragraph (4) of Law Number 32 of 2009 concerning Environmental Protection
and Management. Environmental law enforcement conducted by the
Environmental Agency of Kuningan Regency has sought to apply the Polluter
Pays Principle through the imposition of compensation and obligations for
environmental restoration on polluters. However, the effectiveness of its
implementation is still constrained, particularly due to the limited number of Civil
Servant Investigators (PPNS), which hampers the optimization of monitoring and
law enforcement. The conclusion shows that the responsibility of polluters is
regulated under Law Number 32 of 2009, but environmental law enforcement in
Kuningan Regency has not yet been optimal. The main obstacles include limited
human resources, inadequate facilities, low legal awareness, weak deterrent
effects, the lack of concrete application of the Polluter Pays Principle, and
minimal public participation. The recommendations of this study suggest that the
Kuningan Regency Government should strengthen environmental policies through
the allocation of special budgets and periodic evaluations of Regional Regulation
Number 7 of 2014, as well as enhance inter-agency synergy in monitoring and
enforcement. Furthermore, the Environmental Agency needs to improve human
resource capacity, develop technology-based monitoring systems, and strengthen
data transparency so that